Novo Canal

Oi pessoal,tudo bem?

Devido a problemas com direitos autorais(sem comentários),com MUITO APERTO NO CORAÇÃO digo que o canal PlayGamerBR( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqxlq7dFHg8fPiuw1UewmVQ ) esta OFICIALMENTE CANCELADO!!

Não quero entrar em MUTOS DETALHES,mas para nossa alegria digo que temos um NOVO CANAL:  Billy Joe(  https://www.youtube.com/user/billyjoe2002  ).

Digo isso,e logo no canal PlayGamerBR teremos um último vídeo,adeus...

E OLÁ!!  =)


Lembrando,esse blog vai SAIR de uso...

Novo Blog depois...

Flappy Bird - "History in English" 2

Hey Guys,PlayGamer por aqui para mais uma blogagemk e então,hoje estou aqui pra falr do.:

Flappy Bird, um jogo muito viciante com um propósito muito simples: só jogar com celular INDESTRUTÍVEL(é sério,sem brinks...);todo mundo sabe o que é Flappy Bird,que,depois de ser removido de todos os Mobiles que ele era disponível,entrou a fase de "FAZER CÓPIAS DE FLAPPY BIRD"!
O problema não era as cópias boas,como "Pássaros Desajeitados" e "Flappy Rainbow", e sim as cópias ruins!!
Eu não vou entrar em DETALHES das cópias ruins,e sim para mostrar a "History in English" de hojê,que é do Flappy Bird.
Só para lembrar, meu récorde no Flappy Bird é 165,superem ESSA!!

Flappy Bird

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Flappy Bird
Flappy Bird logo
Developer(s)	Dong Nguyen
Publisher(s)	.GEARS Studios
Platform(s)	iOS,[1] Android[2]
Release date(s)	May 24, 2013
Mode(s)	Single-player

Flappy Bird is a 2013 mobile game, developed by Vietnam-based developer Nguyễn Hà Đông^[3][4] (Dong Nguyen) and published by .GEARS Studios, a small, independent game developer also based in Vietnam.^[5] The game has a side-scrolling format and the player controls a bird, attempting to fly between rows of green pipes without coming into contact with them. The developer created the game over several days, using a bird protagonist which he had designed for a cancelled game in 2012.

The game was released on May 24, 2013 but received a sudden rise in popularity in early 2014. It was criticized for its level of difficulty and alleged plagiarism in graphics and game mechanics, while other reviewers found it addictive. At the end of January 2014, it was the most downloaded free game in the iOS App Store. During this period, its developer claimed that Flappy Bird was earning $50,000 a day from in-app advertisements.

Flappy Bird was removed from both Apple's App Store and Google Play by its creator on February 10, 2014, due to guilt over what he considered to be its addictive nature. The game's popularity and sudden removal caused phones with it pre-installed to be put up for sale for high prices over the Internet.^[6][7][8] Games similar to Flappy Bird became popular on the iTunes App Store in the wake of its removal, and both Apple and Google have removed games from their app stores for being too similar to the original. The game has also been distributed through unofficial channels on multiple platforms.

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Gameplay
• 2 Development
• 3 Release
  • 3.1 Discontinuation
  • 3.2 Legacy
• 4 Reception
  • 4.1 Controversies and criticism
• 5 References
• 6 External links

Gameplay

The aim of Flappy Bird is to navigate the bird through the green pipes. The player scores one point for each set of pipes successfully passed.

Flappy Bird is a side-scrolling mobile game featuring 2D retro style graphics. The objective is to direct a flying bird, which moves continuously to the right, between each oncoming set of pipes without colliding with them, which otherwise ends the game. The bird briefly flaps upward each time the player taps the screen. If the screen is not tapped, the bird falls due to gravity. The player is scored on the number of pipe sets the bird successfully passes through, with medals awarded for the score.^[9]

There is no variation or evolution in gameplay throughout the game as the pipes always have the same gap between them and there is no end to the running track, having only the flap and ding sounds and the rising score as rewards.^[10] However, some subtle elements of the gameplay design make the game easy to learn but hard to master,^[11] a technique used in many games to make them more interesting.^[12][13]

Development

Dong Nguyen grew up in Van Phuc, a village outside Hanoi. He discovered video games by playing Super Mario Bros as a child, and began coding his own at age 16. At 19, while studying programming at a local university, he won an internship at Punch Entertainment, one of very few video game companies in Vietnam. On discovering the iPhone, he found that its most popular games such as Angry Birds were too complicated, and desired making a simpler game for people who are "always on the move".^[14]

Flappy Bird was created and developed by Nguyen in the span of two to three days. The character was originally designed in 2012 for a cancelled platform game. He claims that no part of any of his games were designed to be impossible.^[15] He describes its business plan of a free download with in-game advertisements as "very common in the Japanese market".^[16]

Nguyen believes that contemporary Western games are overly complex.^[15] His company, Gears Studios, describes its games as "heavily influenced by retro pixelated games in its golden age. Everything is pure, extremely hard and incredibly fun to play."^[17]

Release

Flappy Bird was originally released on May 24, 2013,^[18] with support for the iPhone 5. The game was subsequently updated for iOS 7 in September 2013.^[19] In January 2014, it topped the Free Apps chart in the U.S. and Chinese App Stores,^[19][20] and later that month topped the same section of the UK App Store where it was touted as "the new Angry Birds."^[4] It ended January as the most downloaded App on the App Store.^[21] The Android version of Flappy Bird was released to the Google Play store on January 30, 2014.^[22] In early 2014, Nguyen claimed in an interview withThe Verge that the game was earning around $50,000 a day in revenue through its in-game advertising.^[16]

Discontinuation

On February 8, 2014, Nguyen announced on Twitter that the game was to be removed from both Apple's App Store and Google Play, writing: "I am sorry 'Flappy Bird' users, 22 hours from now, I will take 'Flappy Bird' down. I cannot take this anymore."^[23] He went on to say that taking down the game has "nothing to do with legal issues".^[24] The game was removed from both Apple's App Store and Google Play exactly on cue.^[25] After removing the game, Nguyen's Twitter feed received abuse from fans unhappy at the decision, who threatened to murder him or commit suicide.^[26]

Following the removal, many media outlets reported several merchants on eBay were offering phones which had the app pre-installed for US$1499 or more, with some receiving bids of over $90,000;^[6][7][8] however, the listings were removed for violating eBay's rule stating smartphones must be restored to factory settings before being sold.^[27]

In an interview with Forbes, Nguyen cited the game's addictive nature for its cancellation, stating: "Flappy Bird was designed to play in a few minutes when you are relaxed. But it happened to become an addictive product. I think it has become a problem. To solve that problem, it's best to take down Flappy Bird. It's gone forever." Nguyen said that the guilt he felt over the game was affecting his sleep, and that his conscience was relieved after he took the game down.^[28]

In a March 2014 interview with Rolling Stone, Nguyen refused to rule out re-releasing Flappy Bird, on condition that it would come with a warning to "Take a break".^[14] On March 19, he announced via Twitter that the game will be re-released onto App Stores, but not anytime soon.^[29]

Legacy

The removal has spawned remakes and parodies of the game,^[28] such as Sesame Street's Flappy Bert^[30] and Fall Out Boy's Fall Out Bird.^[31] CNET reviewed seven "Flappy copycats" for iOStwo days after the original game's removal, describing the options as "pretty bleak", but singling out the underwater Splashy Fish as the closest approximation of Flappy Bird.^[32][33][34]

Shortly after the game's removal, security researchers warned that some versions of Flappy Bird and its imitators available on alternative Android app stores have been found to contain malwarethat can lead to unauthorized charges to a user's phone bills.^[35]

Nguyen's other games Super Ball Juggling and Shuriken Block ranked at 6th and 18th respectively on the App Store during early February 2014 on the back of Flappy Bird's success.^[28] He revealed in March 2014 that he is developing three other games, in similar formats to his previous releases.^[14]

Reception

Flappy Bird received generally mixed reviews from critics, with a Metacritic score of 52/100 based on seven reviews.^[36] The app was criticized by the Huffington Post, which described it as "insanely irritating, difficult and frustrating game which combines a super-steep difficulty curve with bad, boring graphics and jerky movement".^[37] The game's difficulty has been a source of ire for many users, with one user stating that it took him half an hour to achieve a score of five points.^[5] It is slightly easier on Android than on iOS,^[38] according to its creator.^[39]

However, a more positive review came from Jenifer Whiteside of Amongtech.com, who suggested that Flappy Bird could eclipse Candy Crush Saga as the most popular mobile game of 2014 due to its addictiveness, Candy Crush's age, and the hype surrounding it.^[40]

Nolan Bushnell, the creator of the video game Pong, compared Flappy Bird to his own game by saying "simple games are more satisfying". John Romero, a co-creator of the shooting game Doom, said that Flappy Bird is "a reaction against prevailing design the way grunge was a reaction to metal."^[14]

Controversies and criticism

When questioned at the time by Chocolate Lab Apps, a website for app developers, Nguyen claimed to have used no promotional methods in the marketing of Flappy Bird. He credited the sudden rise in the game's popularity in early 2014 to possibly "luck".^[15] However, online marketer Carter Thomas suspected that the developer had used bots to cause its success.^[41] When questioned on this by The Daily Telegraph, Nguyen said: "I respect all other people [sic] opinions. I won't give any comment to this article. I'd like to make my games in peace."^[42] However when Newsweekinquired about the matter Nguyen tweeted "It doesn’t matter. Don’t you think?...If I did fake it, should Apple let it live for months." ^[43]

The game was also criticized by Kotaku, a video games blog, for its open use of Mario artifacts, referring to it as "ripped-off art". However, it has since published a correction, stating that "Flappy Bird's pipe is a new albeit unoriginal drawing".^[44]

According to some Vietnamese newspapers, including Thanh Niên and BBC Vietnamese, Flappy Bird is very similar to a game released in 2011 (two years before Flappy Bird) called Piou Piou vs. Cactus, from the gameplay (by tapping on the screen) to the main character design (a small yellow bird with big red beak) to the obstacles (green cacti and pipes).^[45] It is reported that several French newspapers like 20 Minutes and Metronews accused Flappy Bird of being a clone.^[46] The reporter from Thanh Niên Online tried playing Piou Piou vs. Cactus and confirmed that the similarities between the two games are astonishing.^[47]

The French developer of Piou Piou vs. Cactus, known as Kek, told Pocket Gamer that he too noticed that Flappy Bird is "very similar" to his earlier game, but when he contacted Nguyen about it, Nguyen claimed that he did not know anything.^[48] Technology editor Patrick O'Rourke of canada.com also charged that Flappy Bird is "almost a complete ripoff" of Piou Piou vs Cactus, as well as that its primary gameplay mechanic is a "rip off" from a game called Helicopter Game, and that it heavily borrowed sound effects from Super Mario Bros. games.^[49]

Tuoi Tre News, an English-language newspaper in Vietnam, reported from a local technology expert that Flappy Bird's removal could be due to a legal challenge from Nintendo over perceived visual similarities to Mario games.^[50] This allegation was denied by a Nintendo spokesman to The Wall Street Journal.^[51] Lawyers in Vietnam also denied allegations that Nguyen had to remove the game due to violating new laws on Internet use in the country.^[51]

1º Lançamentos da Semana

Hey Guys,PlayGamer por aqui para mais uma blogagem aqui no blog do meu canal e bom,hoje estou planejando fazer O PRIMEIRO "LANÇAMENTOS DA SEMANA" NO CANAL!!Sim,já pesquisei sobre os lançamentos,mas agora falta filmar,editar e enviar;era só pra dizer,passa no meu canal,fique atento e 

                                                                                                                             SEMPRE BLOGANDO

                                                                                                                                                       Tchau...

Fazendo Alterações...

Eai galera da Tecnogame,blz?
Bom,vcs sabem que AGORA o blog virou um blog do meu canal no youtube http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqxlq7dFHg8fPiuw1UewmVQ ,e agora seugue algumas alterações.:

1) Agora o blog se chama  PlayGamerBR
2) Agora as postagens são de games,não mais sobre a minha vida
3) Agora no começo de cada postagem vai ter meu bordão "Hey Guys,PlayGamer por aqui..." no começo de cada postagem
4) Agora eu recomendo vc ir no meu canal do YouTube pra ficar por dentro de TUDO!!

Então foi isso galera
                                                          SEMPRE BLOGANDO!!!

F morreu e PG surgiu(e já faz um tempinho)

Oi galera,blz? Eu estou aqui para dizer que estou feliz que as visualizações passaram de 500 E que aquele canal do YouTube meu,o Fazeroq?  ACABOU!Se vc via vc percebeu que não tem mais vídeos lá,mas,eu criei um canal no YouTube já faz um tempinho chamado Play Gamer,o link é esse:  http://www.youtube.com/user/canalplaygamer1109  e agora vou fazer um Vlog nesse canal chamado Fala a Verdade,inspirado nesse blog,falo...


                                                     SEMPRE BLOOGANDO..!

Fazeroq?

Eai galera,blz?

Por mais que esse é o meu blog PRINCIPAL,eu faço agora vídeos pro You Tube chamado de "Fazeroq?"e pesso para que vcs visitem meu canal no You Tube(no final do post) e o BLOG do "Fazeroq?".

                                                                                                                                   Valeu galera,
                                                                                                                                    BLOGANDO!!

Canal You Tube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqxlq7dFHg8fPiuw1UewmVQ

Blog do "Fazeroq?": http://blogdofazeroq.blogspot.com.br/

PS.:No blog do "Fazeroq?" tem os links dos vídeos,valeu

"History in English"(História em Inglês)

Hoje ultrapassamos mais de 50 Americanos que visualizaram meu Blog,então,vamos falar sobre o Skateboarding em Inglês;então Ameicanos que são fãns do Blog of Life,que o título já é em Inglês,essa história é para vocês.:

                                                                      Let's go!!!

Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard. Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.^[1] Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2002 report found that there were 18.5 million skateboarders in the world. 85% of skateboarders polled who had used a board in the last year were under the age of 18, and 74% were male.^[2]

Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently,scooters.^[3]

Contents   [hide]  1 History 1.1 1940s–1960s 1.2 1970s 1.3 1980s 1.4 1990s–present 2 Trick skating 3 Culture 4 Safety 5 Other uses and styles 5.1 Transportation 5.2 Military 5.3 Trampboarding 5.4 Swing boarding 5.5 Land paddling 6 Controversy 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

History

1940s–1960s

Skateboarder in Grants Pass, Oregon

Skateboarding was probably born sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s when surfers in California wanted something to surf when the waves were flat. No one knows who made the first board; it seems that several people came up with similar ideas at around the same time. These first skateboarders started with wooden boxes or boards with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom. The boxes turned into planks, and eventually companies were producing decks of pressed layers of wood — similar to the skateboard decks of today. During this time, skateboarding was seen as something to do for fun besides surfing, and was therefore often called "sidewalk surfing".

The first manufactured skateboards were ordered by a Los Angeles, California surf shop, meant to be used by surfers in their downtime. The shop owner, Bill Richard, made a deal with the Chicago Roller Skate Company to produce sets of skate wheels, which they attached to square wooden boards. Accordingly, skateboarding was originally denoted "sidewalk surfing" and early skaters emulated surfing style and maneuvers. Crate scooterspreceded skateboards, and were born of a similar concept, with the exception of having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.^[4]

A number of surfing manufacturers such as Makaha started building skateboards that resembled small surfboards, and assembled teams to promote their products. The popularity of skateboarding at this time spawned a national magazine, Skateboarder Magazine, and the 1965 international championships were broadcast on national television. The growth of the sport during this period can also be seen in sales figures for Makaha, which quoted $10 million worth of board sales between 1963 and 1965 (Weyland, 2002:28). Yet, by 1966 the sales had dropped significantly (ibid) and Skateboarder Magazine had stopped publication. The popularity of skateboarding dropped and remained low until the early 1970s.^[4][5]

1970s

A skateboarder in Tallahassee, Florida

In the early 1970s, Frank Nasworthy started to develop a skateboard wheel made of polyurethane, calling his company Cadillac Wheels.^[4] Prior to this new material, skateboards wheels were metal or "clay" wheels. The improvement in traction and performance was so immense that from the wheel's release in 1972 the popularity of skateboarding started to rise rapidly again, causing companies to invest more in product development. Nasworthy commissioned artist Jim Evans to do a series of paintings promoting Cadillac Wheels, they were featured as ads and posters in the resurrected Skateborder magazine, and proved immensely popular in promoting the new style of skateboarding. Many companies started to manufacture trucks (axles) specially designed for skateboarding, reached in 1976 by Tracker Trucks. As the equipment became more maneuverable, the decks started to get wider, reaching widths of 10 inches (250 mm) and over, thus giving the skateboarder even more control. A banana board is a skinny, flexible skateboard made of polypropylene with ribs on the underside for structural support. These were very popular during the mid-1970s and were available in myriad colors, bright yellow probably being the most memorable, hence the name.

Manufacturers started to experiment with more exotic composites and metals, like fiberglass and aluminium, but the common skateboards were made of maple plywood. The skateboarders took advantage of the improved handling of their skateboards and started inventing new tricks. Skateboarders, most notably Ty Page, Bruce Logan, Bobby Piercy, Kevin Reed, and the Z-Boys (so-called because of their local Zephyr surf shop) started to skate the vertical walls of swimming pools that were left empty in the 1976 California drought. This started the "vert" trend in skateboarding. With increased control, vert skaters could skate faster and perform more dangerous tricks, such as slash grinds and frontside/backside airs. This caused liability concerns and increased insurance costs to skatepark owners, and the development (first by Norcon, then more successfully by Rector) of improved knee pads that had a hard sliding cap and strong strapping proved to be too-little-too-late. During this era, the "freestyle" movement in skateboarding began to splinter off and develop into a much more specialized discipline, characterized by the development of a wide assortment of flat-ground tricks.

As a result of the "vert" skating movement, skate parks had to contend with high-liability costs that led to many park closures. In response, vert skaters started making their own ramps, while freestyle skaters continued to evolve their flatland style. Thus by the beginning of the 1980s, skateboarding had once again declined in popularity.^[5]

1980s

Skateboarder at Skateistan in Kabul,Afghanistan

This period was fueled by skateboard companies that were run by skateboarders. The focus was initially on vert ramp skateboarding. The invention of the no-hands aerial (later known as the ollie) by Alan Gelfand in Florida in 1976,^[6] and the almost parallel development of the grabbed aerial by George Orton and Tony Alva in California, made it possible for skaters to perform airs on vertical ramps. While this wave of skateboarding was sparked by commercialized vert ramp skating, a majority of people who skateboarded during this period didn't ride vert ramps. As most people could not afford to build vert ramps, or did not have access to nearby ramps, street skating increased in popularity.

Freestyle skating remained healthy throughout this period, with pioneers such as Rodney Mullen inventing many of the basic tricks that would become the foundation of modern street skating, such as the "Impossible" and the "kickflip". The influence that freestyle exerted upon street skating became apparent during the mid-1980s; however, street skating was still performed on wide vert boards with short noses, slide rails, and large soft wheels. In response to the tensions created by this confluence of skateboarding "genres", an rapid evolution occurred in the late 1980s to accommodate the street skater. Since few skateparks were available to skaters at this time, street skating pushed skaters to seek out shopping centers and public and private property as their "spot" to skate (public opposition, in which businesses, governments, and property owners have banned skateboarding on properties under their jurisdiction or ownership, would progressively intensify over the following decades^[7][8]). By 1992, only a small fraction of skateboarders remained as a highly technical version of street skating, combined with the decline of vert skating, produced a sport that lacked the mainstream appeal to attract new skaters.

1990s–present

The current generation of skateboards is dominated by street skateboarding. Most boards are about 7¹⁄₄ to 8 inches (180 to 200 mm) wide and 30 to 32 inches (760 to 810 mm) long. The wheels are made of an extremely hard polyurethane, with hardness (durometer) approximately 99A. The wheel sizes are relatively small so that the boards are lighter, and the wheel's inertia is overcome quicker, thus making tricks more manageable. Board styles have changed dramatically since the 1970s but have remained mostly alike since the mid-1990s. The contemporary shape of the skateboard is derived from the freestyle boards of the 1980s with a largely symmetrical shape and relatively narrow width. This form had become standard by the mid '90s.^[9]

Go Skateboarding Day was created in 2004 by the International Association of Skateboard Companies to promote skateboarding and help make it more noticeable to the world. It is celebrated every year on June 21.

Trick skating

Main article: Skateboarding trick

A skater performs a switch kickflip off a stairset.

With the evolution of skateparks and ramp skating, the skateboard began to change. Early skate tricks had consisted mainly of two-dimensionalfreestyle manoeuvres like riding on only two wheels ("wheelie" or "manual"), spinning only on the back wheels (a "pivot"), high jumping over a bar and landing on the board again, also known as a "hippie jump", long jumping from one board to another, (often over small barrels or fearless teenagers), or slalom. Another popular trick was the Bertlemann slide, named after Larry Bertelemann's surfing manoeuvres.

In 1976, skateboarding was transformed by the invention of the ollie by Alan "Ollie" Gelfand. It remained largely a unique Florida trick until the summer of 1978, when Gelfand made his first visit to California. Gelfand and his revolutionary maneuvers caught the attention of the West Coast skaters and the media where it began to spread worldwide. The ollie was adapted to flat ground by Rodney Mullen in 1982. Mullen also invented the "Magic Flip," which was later renamed the kickflip, as well many other tricks including, the 360 kickflip, which is a 360 pop shove it and a kickflip in the same motion. The flat ground ollie allowed skateboarders to perform tricks in mid-air without any more equipment than the skateboard itself, it has formed the basis of many street skating tricks. A recent development in the world of trick skating is the 1080, which was first ever landed by Tom Schaar in 2012.^[10][11]

Culture

See also: Skate punk and Punk fashion

Skateboarding was popularized by the 1986 skateboarding cult classic Thrashin', also known as Skate Gang directed by David Winters. It has appearances from many famous skaters such as Tony Alva, Tony Hawk, Christian Hosoi and Steve Caballero. The film starred Josh Brolin, who would go on to win acting awards for his roles in the films W., No Country for Old Men, Milk and Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.^[12][13] Thrashin' also had a direct impact on Lords of Dogtown, as Catherine Hardwicke, who directed Lords of Dogtown, was hired by Winters to work on Thrashin' as a production designer where she met, worked with and befriended many famous skaters including the real Tony Alva, Tony Hawk, Christian Hosoi and Steve Caballero.^[14]

Skateboarding was, at first, tied to the culture of surfing. As skateboarding spread across the United States to places unfamiliar with surfing or surfing culture, it developed an image of its own. For example, the classic film short Video Days (1991) portrayed skateboarders as reckless rebels.

The image of the skateboarder as a rebellious, non-conforming youth has faded in recent years.^{[citation needed]} Certain cities still oppose the building of skateparks in their neighborhoods, for fear of increased crime and drugs in the area. The rift between the old image of skateboarding and a newer one is quite visible: magazines such as Thrasher portray skateboarding as dirty, rebellious, and still firmly tied to punk, while other publications, Transworld Skateboarding as an example, paint a more diverse and controlled picture of skateboarding. Furthermore, as more professional skaters use hip hop, reggae, or hard rock music accompaniment in their videos, many urban youths, hip-hop fans, reggae fans, and hard rock fans are also drawn to skateboarding, further diluting the sport's punk image.^[15][16]

Films such as the 1986 Thrashin', Grind and Lords of Dogtown, have helped improve the reputation of skateboarding youth,^{[citation needed]} depicting individuals of this subculture as having a positive outlook on life, prone to poking harmless fun at each other, and engaging in healthy sportsman's competition. According to the film, lack of respect, egotism and hostility towards fellow skateboarders is generally frowned upon, albeit each of the characters (and as such, proxies of the "stereotypical" skateboarder) have a firm disrespect for authority and for rules in general. Group spirit is supposed to heavily influence the members of this community. In presentations of this sort, showcasing of criminal tendencies is absent, and no attempt is made to tie extreme sports to any kind of illegal activity.^{[citation needed]}

Gleaming the Cube, a 1989 movie starring Christian Slater as a skateboarding teen investigating the death of his adopted Vietnamese brother, was somewhat of an iconic landmark to the skateboarding genre of the era.^{[citation needed]} Many well-known skaters had cameos in the film, including Tony Hawk and Rodney Mullen, where Mullen served as Slater's stunt double.

The increasing availability of technology is apparent within the skateboarding community. Many skateboarders record and edit videos of themselves and friends skateboarding. However, part of this culture is to not merely replicate but to innovate; emphasis is placed on finding new places and landing new tricks.^[17]

Skateboarding video games have also become very popular in skateboarding culture.^{[citation needed]} Some of the most popular are the Tony Hawk series and Skate series for various consoles (including hand-held) and personal computer.

Safety

Skateboards, along with other small-wheeled transportation such as in-line skates and scooters, suffer a safety problem: riders may easily be thrown from small cracks and outcroppings in pavement, especially where the cracks run across the direction of travel. Hitting such an irregularity is the major cause of falls and injuries.^[18] The risk may be reduced at higher travel speeds.

Severe injuries are relatively rare.^[19] Commonly, a skateboarder who falls suffers from scrapes, cuts, bruises, and sprains.^[19] Among injuries reported to a hospital, about half involve broken bones, usually the long bones in the leg or arm.^[18] One-third of skateboarders with reported injuries are very new to the sport, having started skating within one week of the injury.^[18] Although less common, involving 3.5% to 9% of reported injuries, traumatic head injuries and death are possible severe outcomes.^[18]

Skating as a form of transportation exposes the skateboarder to the dangers of other traffic. Skateboarders on the street may be hit by other vehicles or may fall into vehicular traffic.

Skateboarders also pose a risk to other pedestrians and traffic. If the skateboarder falls, the skateboard may roll or fly into another person. A skateboarder who collides with a person who is walking or biking may injure or, rarely, kill that person.^[20]

Many jurisdictions require skateboarders to wear bicycle helmets to reduce the risk of head injuries and death. Other protective gear, such as wrist guards, also reduce injury. Some medical researchers have proposed restricting skateboarding to designated, specially designed areas, to reduce the number and severity of injuries, and to eliminate injuries caused by motor vehicles or to other pedestrians.^[18]

The use, ownership and sale of skateboards were forbidden in Norway from 1978 to 1989 because of the high number of injuries caused by boards. The ban led skateboarders to construct ramps in the forest and other secluded areas to avoid the police.^[21][22]

Other uses and styles

LCPL Chad Codwell of Charlie Company 1st Battalion 5th Marines carries a skateboard during military exercise Urban Warrior '99.

For styles of skateboarding, see also: Skateboarding styles

Transportation

The use of skateboards solely as a form of transportation is often associated with the longboard.^{[citation needed]} Depending on local laws, using skateboards as a form of transportation outside residential areas may or may not be legal.^[23] Backers cite portability, exercise, and environmental friendliness as some of the benefits of skateboarding as an alternative to automobiles.

Military

The United States Marine Corps tested the usefulness of commercial off-the-shelf skateboards during urban combat military exercises in the late 1990s in a program called Urban Warrior '99. Their special purpose was "for maneuvering inside buildings in order to detect tripwires and sniperfire".^[24][25]

Trampboarding

Trampboarding is a variant of skateboarding that uses a board without the trucks and the wheels on a trampoline. Using the bounce of the trampoline gives height to perform a tricks, whereas in skateboarding you need to make the height by performing an ollie. Trampboarding is seen on YouTube in numerous videos.^{[citation needed]}

Swing boarding

Swing boarding is the activity where a skateboard deck is suspended from a pivot point above the rider which allows the rider to swing about that pivot point. The board swings in an arc which is a similar movement to riding a half pipe. The incorporation of a harness and frame allows the rider to perform turns spins all while flying though the air.

Land paddling

Land paddling with the Kahuna Big Stick

"Land paddling" is the use of a long pole or stick while longboarding. The stick is used to propel the longboarder farther without pumping. The stick is also used to direct the longboarder in the direction they are trying to turn and can be used as a brake.^[26]

Controversy

Skateboarding is sometimes associated with property damage to urban terrain features such as curbs, benches, and ledges when skateboarders perform tricks known as grinds on these surfaces. Private industry has responded to this perceived damage with skate deterrent devices, such as theSkatestopper, in an effort to mitigate damage and discourage skateboarding on these surfaces.

In the area of street skating, tickets and arrest from police for trespassing are not uncommon.

Notes

1. ^ Ocean Howell (2003). "Extreme Market Research". Topic Magazine. Topic Magazine. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
2. ^ John Fetto (2002). "Your Questions Answered — statistics about skateboarders".American Demographics. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
3. ^ Steve Cave, about.com. "Skateboarding: A Brief History (page 2)". Retrieved 2006-12-13.
4. ^ ^a b c "Skateboarding: A Brief History (page 1)". Retrieved 2007-09-01.
5. ^ ^a b "Skateboarding History". Retrieved 2007-09-02.
6. ^ Transworld (11). "GASBAG". Transworld Skateboarding. Bonnier Corporation. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
7. ^ Thomas Slee (Unknown). "Skate For Life: An Analysis of the Skateboarding Subculture"(PDF). Skate For Life: An Analysis of the Skateboarding Subculture (Honors Thesis). USF University of South Florida. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
8. ^ Ocean Howell (2001). "The Poetics of Security: Skateboarding, Urban Design, and the New Public Space|1". Urban Action 2001. San Francisco State University. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
9. ^ "HOME FREESTYLE Freestyle". Skateboard Express. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
10. ^ "12 year old lands the first ever 1080 on a skateboard". Skateboarding.com.au. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
11. ^ "12-year-old skateboarder nails first ever 1080" (video). Red Bull. March 30, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
12. ^ Thrashin' in the TCM database
13. ^ ASIN B00009OWJZDavid Winters (2003) [1986] (Commentary Track). Thrashin' (Liner notes). MGM Home Video. MGM Home Video.
14. ^ Thrashin' at the Internet Movie Database
15. ^ "Team Ice Cream Skate Video". Retrieved 2007-01-07.
16. ^ "Roots, Rock, Reggae, Skateboarding". Retrieved 2003-07-23.
17. ^ Buckingham, David. "Skate Perception: Self-Representation, identity and visual style in a youth subculture".
18. ^ ^{a b c d e} Fountain, JL.; Meyers, MC. (Dec 1996). "Skateboarding injuries.". Sports Med 22 (6): 360–6. PMID 8969014.
19. ^ ^a b Keilani, M.; Krall, C.; Lipowec, L.; Posch, M.; Komanadj, TS.; Crevenna, R. (Jul 2010). "Skateboarding injuries in Vienna: location, frequency, and severity.". PM R 2 (7): 619–24.doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.04.022. PMID 20659717.
20. ^ White, Kimberly (11 July 2011). "Woman killed after collision with skateboarder had been hit by one 15 years prior". San Jose Mercury News.
21. ^ Forsman, L.; Eriksson, A. (26 June 2001). "Skateboarding injuries of today". British Journal of Sports Medicine (BMJ Publishing Group) 35: 325–328.
22. ^ "Norway to Ban Skateboards". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 14 September 1978. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
23. ^ Behre, Robert (23 March 2012). "Skateboarders face legal roadblocks". The Post and Courier. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
24. ^ LCPL CHRISTOPHER L. VALLEE (16). "URBAN WARRIOR `99". DefenseImagery.mil. Defense Visual Information (DVI) Directorate. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
25. ^ Naval Studies Board (2004). "The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces". The National Academies Press. National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
26. ^ Jane Herman (30). "Land Paddling is Coming to a Bicycle Lane Near You". Vogue. Condé Nast. Retrieved 14 September 2012.

References

• Borden, Iain. (2001). Skateboarding, Space and the City: Architecture and the Body. Oxford: Berg.
• Hocking, Justin, Jeffrey Knutson and Jared Maher (Eds.). (2004). Life and Limb: Skateboarders Write from the Deep End. New York: Soft Skull Press.
• Weyland, Jocko. (2002). The Answer is Never: a History and Memoir of Skateboarding. New York: Grove Press.
• Hawk, Tony and Mortimer, Sean. (2000). Hawk: Occupation: Skateboarder. New York: HarperCollins.
• Thrasher Magazine. (2001). Thrasher: Insane Terrain. New York: Universe.
• Brooke, Michael (1999) The Concrete Wave — the History of Skateboarding. Warwick Publishing
• Mullen, Rodney and Mortimer, Sean (2003). The Mutt

External links

Find more about Skateboarding at Wikipedia's sister projects
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Look up Skateboarding in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Skateboarding links at the Open Directory Project
• Skateboard Kings, a 1978 documentary on skateboarding

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